Selamlar,
Ramazan ayı ile birlikte biraz uzun bir yolculuğa çıkıyorum.
Yolculuk öncesi, tüm varlıklara hayırlı bir ramazan dileği ve
genc arkadaşlarımızın "Bu Ramazan 'Somali için' eğlenmeyin!"
çağrısı ile şimdilik görüşmek üzere, hoşca ve dostca kalın.
29 Temmuz 2011 Cuma
14 Temmuz 2011 Perşembe
ters proxy (reverse proxy) dedikleri şey;
proxy hizmetini genelde bilmeyenimiz yoktur.
tersine proxyi ise ihtiyacı olmayanlar dışında kimse pek bilmez.
Kimin ihtiyacı olabilir diye soracak olursak;
1. statik dosyaların bol olduğu web sunucularının yükünü azaltmak isteyenler
2. web hizmetinin önüne $$$$$ para verip, loadbalancer cihazı almak istemeyenler
3. Tek bir ip no üzerinden farklı web sayfalarına, farklı web sunucularından hizmet vermek isteyenler
Bu işlem için hangi programı kullanabiliriz; squid, varnish, apache, nginx?
Bana göre nginx.
Neden mi?
Sade, küçük ve basit yapılandırmasından dolayı.
İşte size basit bir örnek;
(Tek ip no üzerinden, farklı web sayfalarını, farklı web sunucularından yayınlamak için)
nginx varsayılan ayarlarına aşağıdakilerin ilave etmemiz yeterli oluyor;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.deneme.com;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
client_max_body_size 8m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 10;
proxy_send_timeout 120;
proxy_read_timeout 120;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
access_log /var/log/nginx/deneme.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/deneme.hata.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.16.250.253/;
}
}
server {
listen 80 ;
server_name wiki ;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
client_max_body_size 8m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 120;
proxy_send_timeout 120;
proxy_read_timeout 120;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
access_log /var/log/nginx/wiki.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/wiki.hata.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://wiki.serbestyazilim.com/;
}
}
Nginx hakkında yazılmış, çok faydalı iki kitab mevcut.
Bu kitablar nginx kullanıcılarının olmazsa olmazı diyebilirim.
1. Nginx 1 webserver implementation cookbook
Dipankar Sarkar - PACKT yayınları
2. Nginx HTTP server
Clement Nedelcu - PACKT yayınları
Nginx ile iyi eğlenceler dilerim :-)
tersine proxyi ise ihtiyacı olmayanlar dışında kimse pek bilmez.
Kimin ihtiyacı olabilir diye soracak olursak;
1. statik dosyaların bol olduğu web sunucularının yükünü azaltmak isteyenler
2. web hizmetinin önüne $$$$$ para verip, loadbalancer cihazı almak istemeyenler
3. Tek bir ip no üzerinden farklı web sayfalarına, farklı web sunucularından hizmet vermek isteyenler
Bu işlem için hangi programı kullanabiliriz; squid, varnish, apache, nginx?
Bana göre nginx.
Neden mi?
Sade, küçük ve basit yapılandırmasından dolayı.
İşte size basit bir örnek;
(Tek ip no üzerinden, farklı web sayfalarını, farklı web sunucularından yayınlamak için)
nginx varsayılan ayarlarına aşağıdakilerin ilave etmemiz yeterli oluyor;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.deneme.com;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
client_max_body_size 8m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 10;
proxy_send_timeout 120;
proxy_read_timeout 120;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
access_log /var/log/nginx/deneme.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/deneme.hata.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://172.16.250.253/;
}
}
server {
listen 80 ;
server_name wiki ;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
client_max_body_size 8m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 120;
proxy_send_timeout 120;
proxy_read_timeout 120;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
access_log /var/log/nginx/wiki.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/wiki.hata.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://wiki.serbestyazilim.com/;
}
}
Nginx hakkında yazılmış, çok faydalı iki kitab mevcut.
Bu kitablar nginx kullanıcılarının olmazsa olmazı diyebilirim.
1. Nginx 1 webserver implementation cookbook
Dipankar Sarkar - PACKT yayınları
2. Nginx HTTP server
Clement Nedelcu - PACKT yayınları
Nginx ile iyi eğlenceler dilerim :-)
12 Temmuz 2011 Salı
sysctl.conf dosyam
Şu anda çalışan sistemimde kullandığım sysctl.conf dosyasının içeriği;
fs.file-max = 1048576
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.domainname = serbestyazilim.com
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.printk = 3 4 1 3
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 131072
net.core.rmem_default = 33554320
net.core.rmem_max = 33554320
net.core.somaxconn = 1024
net.core.wmem_default = 83886080
net.core.wmem_max = 83886080
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65535
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_generic_timeout = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 24
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 12
net.nf_conntrack_max = 1000000
Değerler hakkında,
http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.kernel.obscure.html
sayfasında bilgi mevcut.
fs.file-max = 1048576
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
kernel.domainname = serbestyazilim.com
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.printk = 3 4 1 3
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 131072
net.core.rmem_default = 33554320
net.core.rmem_max = 33554320
net.core.somaxconn = 1024
net.core.wmem_default = 83886080
net.core.wmem_max = 83886080
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65535
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_generic_timeout = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 24
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 12
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 12
net.nf_conntrack_max = 1000000
Değerler hakkında,
http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.kernel.obscure.html
sayfasında bilgi mevcut.
reklam
Bu günde vericad programının reklamını yapmak istiyorum.
Neden mi, çünkü linux sürümü ve desteği var.
Netcad, autocad kullanan arkadaşlar, vericad programını linux altında kullandınız mı?
Kullanmadıysanız, kendi kurallarınızı aşarak, vericad bir denemeye nedersiniz?
Kendinizi aşmaya ve vericad denemeye cesaretiniz var mı?
Neden mi, çünkü linux sürümü ve desteği var.
Netcad, autocad kullanan arkadaşlar, vericad programını linux altında kullandınız mı?
Kullanmadıysanız, kendi kurallarınızı aşarak, vericad bir denemeye nedersiniz?
Kendinizi aşmaya ve vericad denemeye cesaretiniz var mı?
laptop ile basit bir ağ testi
Evdeki atom n330 sistem ile laptop arasındaki ağ performanısı basit bir teste tutayım dedim.
Test sonucu;
Atom sunucudaki komut; ~/netperf-2.4.5# /usr/local/bin/netserver
Starting netserver at port 12865
Starting netserver at hostname 0.0.0.0 port 12865 and family AF_UNSPEC
atom sunucu oldu.
laptop kullanıcı taraf oluyor;
Komut...........: netperf -H172.16.250.254 -P12865 -l60 -c -C
TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 172.16.250.254 (172.16.250.254) port 0 AF_INET : demo
Recv Send Send Utilization Service Demand
Socket Socket Message Elapsed Send Recv Send Recv
Size Size Size Time Throughput local remote local remote
bytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits/s % S % M us/KB us/KB
128000 16384 16384 60.00 934.71 35.25 53.35 6.179 18.701
Komut...........: netperf -H172.16.250.254 -P12865 -l60 -c yerel_cpu -C uzak_cpu
TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 172.16.250.254 (172.16.250.254) port 0 AF_INET : demo
Recv Send Send Utilization Service Demand
Socket Socket Message Elapsed Send Recv Send Recv
Size Size Size Time Throughput local remote local remote
bytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits/s % S % M us/KB us/KB
128000 16384 16384 60.00 935.31 36.70 45.54 6.429 15.954
Buraya bakarak şunu diyebiliriz, ufak işyerleri için atom n330 veya yeni "Intel® Atom™ processor D525" işlemcili sistemleri router, firewall veya yönetilebilir switch olarak kullanabiliriz.
Test sonucu;
Atom sunucudaki komut; ~/netperf-2.4.5# /usr/local/bin/netserver
Starting netserver at port 12865
Starting netserver at hostname 0.0.0.0 port 12865 and family AF_UNSPEC
atom sunucu oldu.
laptop kullanıcı taraf oluyor;
Komut...........: netperf -H172.16.250.254 -P12865 -l60 -c -C
TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 172.16.250.254 (172.16.250.254) port 0 AF_INET : demo
Recv Send Send Utilization Service Demand
Socket Socket Message Elapsed Send Recv Send Recv
Size Size Size Time Throughput local remote local remote
bytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits/s % S % M us/KB us/KB
128000 16384 16384 60.00 934.71 35.25 53.35 6.179 18.701
Komut...........: netperf -H172.16.250.254 -P12865 -l60 -c yerel_cpu -C uzak_cpu
TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 172.16.250.254 (172.16.250.254) port 0 AF_INET : demo
Recv Send Send Utilization Service Demand
Socket Socket Message Elapsed Send Recv Send Recv
Size Size Size Time Throughput local remote local remote
bytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits/s % S % M us/KB us/KB
128000 16384 16384 60.00 935.31 36.70 45.54 6.429 15.954
Buraya bakarak şunu diyebiliriz, ufak işyerleri için atom n330 veya yeni "Intel® Atom™ processor D525" işlemcili sistemleri router, firewall veya yönetilebilir switch olarak kullanabiliriz.
11 Temmuz 2011 Pazartesi
nautilus - %100 cpu
Bu gün bilgisayarım fırın gibi ısınmaya başladı.
cpu %100 ne kullanıyor diye baktığımda nautilus kullandığını gördüm.
Nedeni ise ev dizininde ne var, ne yok diye taraması...
Gnome kullanıyorsanız ev dizininizde fazla miktarda dosya bulundurmamak gerekiyormuş...
cpu %100 ne kullanıyor diye baktığımda nautilus kullandığını gördüm.
Nedeni ise ev dizininde ne var, ne yok diye taraması...
Gnome kullanıyorsanız ev dizininizde fazla miktarda dosya bulundurmamak gerekiyormuş...
8 Temmuz 2011 Cuma
sistem hakkında bilgi
5 Temmuz 2011 Salı
Linux eğitimi ve sertifikası şart mı?
Yıllardır linux kullanan ve linux üzerine çalışan bir çok kişi(benim gibi),
herkesin kendi imkanları ile linux öğrenip, sistem yöneticisi olabileceğini söyleyebilir, doğrudur. Fakat bir bilinmeyen üzerine kendi imkanlarımızla, kendimizi geliştirmek çok fazla zaman alır. Çoğu zamanda yaptığımız yanlışları, tecrube ediniriz... Bundan dolayı imkanı olan arkadaşlara linux sistem yöneticiliği eğitimi (novel, redhat, oracle) almalarını tavsiye ederim.
Böylelikle linux ortamına daha çabuk alışır, asla geri gelmeyecek olan zamanlarınızı daha iyi değerlendirebilirsiniz.
Bu eğitimlerden bir tanesi olan, oracle linux eğitiminin tanıtım dökümanına baktım. Güzel bir eğitim sayılır.
Redhat tabanlı linux sistemleri yönetmek isteyen arkadaşlara tavsiye ederim.
Aşağıdakiler Oracle linux eğitimi dökümanından alınmıştır.
pdften kopyala-yapıştır yaptığımdan biraz dağınık duruyor.
Detaylı bilgi için oracle linux sayfasından inceleyebilir ve siteden pdf dosyasını indirerek daha rahat inceleyebilirsiniz.
Introduction .......................................................................................... 1
Comparing Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 5 ... 2
Checking the /etc/redhat-release File .............................................. 2
Checking for the redhat-release Package ....................................... 5
Checking the Version of the Distribution ......................................... 7
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel ........................................................... 8
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, Compatibility, and Third-Party Software 8
For ISVs That Also Check the Linux Kernel Version ......................... 10
Full, Verified kABI Compliance .......................................................... 11
Compatibility ...................................................................................... 11
Downloading Source Code and Binaries ........................................... 12
Conclusion ......................................................................................... 12
For More Information ......................................................................... 12
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Introduction
Oracle Linux is fully compatible—both source and binary—with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Partners testing and certifying their applications on Oracle Linux will, at most, simply
install their application on Oracle Linux and verify the information described in this article.
When using the Red Hat compatible kernel, Oracle Linux 5 is also fully kABI compatible
with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
This article describes the key points that ISVs should consider when installing and
certifying their products on Oracle Linux 5.
1
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Comparing Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
(RHEL) 5
Applications that run on RHEL will run on Oracle Linux. Trademarks and logos have been
removed from a small number of the packages. These are non-functional text or graphics
changes that in no way affect any program code, and they do not generate any compatibility
issues. Oracle has added its own text file, /etc/enterprise-release, so support teams
can easily identify that they obtained the code from Oracle.
The Edison Group ran independent tests to validate Oracle’s claim of compatibility: Read their
report, Oracle Unbreakable Linux: True Enterprise-Quality Linux Support (see page 15).
Oracle’s simple text changes that an installer program might encounter are listed in the following
sections.
Checking the /etc/redhat-release File
RHEL provides a text file called /etc/redhat-release, which contains a one-line string
identifying the specific distribution release. This file is part of the redhat-release package.
Oracle Linux 5 also contains a text file called /etc/redhat-release, which is installed by
a package called enterprise-release.
The following tables show the data that is present on the initial release of media for each of the
releases of Oracle Linux. As of Oracle Linux 5.3, Oracle retains the Red Hat content within the
file. Also shown is the file /etc/enterprise-release, which contains Oracle content.
2
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
RHEL 5 ORACLE LINUX 5
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.0.0.9 enterprise-release-5-0.0.4
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server
5 (Tikanga) release 5 (Carthage)
RHEL 5 UPDATE 1 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 1
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.1.0.2 enterprise-release-5-0.0.7
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server
5.1 (Tikanga) release 5.1
RHEL 5 UPDATE 2 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 2
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.1.0.4 enterprise-release-5-0.0.9
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server
5.2 (Tikanga) release 5.2
RHEL 5 UPDATE 3 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 3
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.3.0.3 enterprise-release-5-0.0.17
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release
5.3 (Tikanga) 5.3
(Carthage)
(Carthage)
(Tikanga)
3
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
RHEL 5 UPDATE 4 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 4
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.4.0.3 enterprise-release-5-0.0.20
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release
5.4 (Tikanga) 5.4
RHEL 5 UPDATE 5 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 5
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.5.0.2 enterprise-release-5-0.0.22
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release
5.5 (Tikanga) 5.5
RHEL 5 UPDATE 6 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 6
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.6.0.3 enterprise-release-5-6.0.2
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release
5.6 (Tikanga) 5.6 (Tikanga)
(Tikanga)
(Tikanga)
4
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Checking for the redhat-release Package
Oracle Linux 5 does not include the redhat-release package. Oracle Linux 5 includes the
enterprise-release package, which provides a set of files equivalent to those in the
redhat-release package on RHEL.
RHEL 5 ORACLE LINUX 5
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.0.0.9
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.4
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.4
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.4
RHEL 5 UPDATE 1 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 1
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.1.0.2
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.7
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.7
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.7
5
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
RHEL 5 UPDATE 2 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 2
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.1.0.4
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.9
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.9
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.9
RHEL 5 UPDATE 3 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 3
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.3.0.3
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.17
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.17
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.17
RHEL 5 UPDATE 4 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 4
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.4.0.3
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.20
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.20
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.20
6
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
RHEL 5 UPDATE 5 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 5
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.5.0.2
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.22
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.22
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.22
RHEL 5 UPDATE 6 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 6
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.6.0.3
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-6.0.2
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-6.0.2
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-6.0.2
Checking the Version of the Distribution
An application may check for the version of the distribution. In this case, RHEL 5 returns
5Server, whereas Oracle Linux 5 returns 5.
RHEL 5:
# rpm -q --qf "%{version}\n" -f /etc/redhat-release
5Server
Oracle Linux 5:
# rpm -q --qf "%{version}\n" -f /etc/redhat-release
5
7
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Applications using the %{version} rpm check simply need to check for 5, not 5Server.
The preceding items are the only major differences between RHEL 5 and Oracle Linux 5 that
might impact installation and certification. If your application installer depends on any of the
checks described above, you now have all the information needed to make the minimal changes
required to transparently run on both Oracle Linux 5 and RHEL 5.
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel
In September of 2010, Oracle introduced the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux.
You can read more about Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel here. Beginning with Oracle Linux 5.5,
customers have a choice when it comes to the kernel: strict compatibility with the Red Hat kernel
or a kernel optimized and recommended by Oracle for stability and performance.
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, Compatibility, and Third-Party Software
One of the main advantages of Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is that it runs directly on Oracle
Linux 5. This means that you can benefit from significant performance improvements and new
features without the need to re-install the entire operating system. Because the operating system
itself is not replaced, third-party applications will run unchanged.
The Linux operating system is a modular system in which the kernel interacts with the hardware
and controls and schedules access to resources on behalf of applications. Applications run in
what’s called user space and call only a stable set of system libraries to ask for kernel services.
Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of the Linux operating system. Installing Unbreakable Enterprise
Kernel changes only the box labeled “Kernel.”
8
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Figure 1. Linux Operating System
As you can see, installing a kernel does not change system libraries such as glibc, the interface
that nearly all applications, including Oracle Database, use. The glibc version is 2.5 before and
after you install Unbreakable Enterprise kernel on Oracle Linux 5.5.
The sysctl infrastructure to control kernel settings is also unchanged when you install
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel.
In contrast, device drivers and other kernel modules are tightly coupled with the kernel and will
usually need to be recompiled when a new kernel is introduced.
9
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
For ISVs That Also Check the Linux Kernel Version
As of Oracle Linux 5 Update 5, there are three kernels options:
• Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (2.6.32-x.y.z or newer)
• Red Hat compatible kernel (2.6.18-x.y.z.el5)
• Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle bug fixes (2.6.18-x.y.z.n.m.el5)
As of Oracle Linux 5 Update 6, Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is installed and booted by
default. The Red Hat compatible kernel is also installed, and you may configure the operating
system to boot with this kernel instead. The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is provided by the
kernel-uek package, whereas the Red Hat compatible kernel is provided by the kernel
package.
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep kernel
kernel-uek-firmware-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
kernel-uek-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
kernel-2.6.18-238.el5
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is available only on the x86-64 platform. To determine whether
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is installed and running, look for a kernel release version of
2.6.32-100 or newer using the uname -r command:
# uname -r
2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
Also, make sure that the kernel package installed is called kernel-uek.
# rpm -qa | grep kernel-uek
kernel-uek-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
kernel-uek-firmware-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
For Oracle Linux 5 through Update 5, the default installed kernel is the Red Hat compatible
kernel, kernel-2.6.18-x.y.z.el5. When custom kernels are built for resolving
customer issues, any other sort of numbering might be used and should not necessarily be relied
upon. However, a standard RHN release kernel follows the format above.
The Oracle Linux 5 Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle bug fixes keeps the exact same
kernel versions and adds more digits at the end to identify potential fixes incorporated. As
always, these fixes are applied only if they are critical fixes not yet applied by Red Hat, and Oracle
considers the fixes to be important for customer scenarios. Oracle always provides all fixes to
Red Hat and the community in the hope that they will be incorporated in a future release. Oracle
does not have more than a few patches applied at any given time.
10
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
For applications that ship binary kernel modules or check a specific kernel release, uname -r
or rpm -q kernel returns additional digits in the kernel version (as shown in the following
tables) only if the Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle patches is installed. In this case, Oracle
appends additional digits to the end of the release number.
Patch files for Oracle-provided fixes are available at
http://oss.oracle.com/el5/oracle-provided-patches/.
The following table shows the expected output from uname -r on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 and Oracle Linux 5 running the Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle bug fixes.
MINOR RELEASE RHEL 5 KERNEL ORACLE LINUX 5 — RED HAT COMPATIBLE KERNEL WITH ORACLE BUG FIXES
Update 1 2.6.18-53.el5 2.6.18-53.0.0.0.1.el5
Update 2 2.6.18-92.el5 2.6.18-92.0.0.0.1.el5
Update 3 2.6.18-128.el5 2.6.18-128.0.0.0.1.el5
Update 4 2.6.18-164.el5 2.6.18-164.0.0.0.1.el5
Update 5 2.6.18-194.el5 2.6.18-194.0.0.0.3.el5
Update 6 2.6.18-238.el5 kernel-2.6.18-238.0.0.0.1.el5
Full, Verified kABI Compliance
Oracle Linux 5 with a Red Hat compatible kernel is fully kABI compatible with RHEL 5. Scripts
are run to double-check whether any patches that were to be applied would have a chance of
breaking kABI.
Any comparison between any kernel of Oracle Linux 5 and RHEL 5 shows absolutely no
difference in kABI. Kernel modules built for any RHEL 5 kernel (since the original release) will
also load on any Red Hat compatible kernel released for Oracle Linux 5.
Compatibility
The preceding information compares Oracle Linux 5 and RHEL 5 and highlights areas of
importance to application vendors from a testing and certification point of view. If your
application relies on any of the examples above, you now have all the information needed about
any changes that are required to run your application on Oracle Linux.
If your application does not rely on any of the examples above, it will run transparently, and
Oracle is confident that re-certification is not necessary.
11
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Downloading Source Code and Binaries
Oracle Linux source code is available for free for download at http://oss.oracle.com/el5/. The
binaries are freely downloadable at http://edelivery.oracle.com/linux. Oracle Linux 5 allows for
free re-distribution of both source and binaries.
Conclusion
Oracle Linux is fully compatible—both source and binary—with with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
This article described key points that ISVs should consider when installing and certifying their
products on Oracle Linux 5.
For More Information
Here are additional resources.
• Visit the Oracle Unbreakable Linux Knowledge Zone on the Oracle PartnerNetwork to learn
how to accelerate market opportunity and lower the cost of providing Linux solutions and
support to users.
• For more information about becoming an Oracle partner, visit the Oracle PartnerNetwork.
• For information on the Oracle Unbreakable Linux support program, visit oracle.com/linux.
herkesin kendi imkanları ile linux öğrenip, sistem yöneticisi olabileceğini söyleyebilir, doğrudur. Fakat bir bilinmeyen üzerine kendi imkanlarımızla, kendimizi geliştirmek çok fazla zaman alır. Çoğu zamanda yaptığımız yanlışları, tecrube ediniriz... Bundan dolayı imkanı olan arkadaşlara linux sistem yöneticiliği eğitimi (novel, redhat, oracle) almalarını tavsiye ederim.
Böylelikle linux ortamına daha çabuk alışır, asla geri gelmeyecek olan zamanlarınızı daha iyi değerlendirebilirsiniz.
Bu eğitimlerden bir tanesi olan, oracle linux eğitiminin tanıtım dökümanına baktım. Güzel bir eğitim sayılır.
Redhat tabanlı linux sistemleri yönetmek isteyen arkadaşlara tavsiye ederim.
Aşağıdakiler Oracle linux eğitimi dökümanından alınmıştır.
pdften kopyala-yapıştır yaptığımdan biraz dağınık duruyor.
Detaylı bilgi için oracle linux sayfasından inceleyebilir ve siteden pdf dosyasını indirerek daha rahat inceleyebilirsiniz.
Introduction .......................................................................................... 1
Comparing Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 5 ... 2
Checking the /etc/redhat-release File .............................................. 2
Checking for the redhat-release Package ....................................... 5
Checking the Version of the Distribution ......................................... 7
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel ........................................................... 8
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, Compatibility, and Third-Party Software 8
For ISVs That Also Check the Linux Kernel Version ......................... 10
Full, Verified kABI Compliance .......................................................... 11
Compatibility ...................................................................................... 11
Downloading Source Code and Binaries ........................................... 12
Conclusion ......................................................................................... 12
For More Information ......................................................................... 12
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Introduction
Oracle Linux is fully compatible—both source and binary—with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Partners testing and certifying their applications on Oracle Linux will, at most, simply
install their application on Oracle Linux and verify the information described in this article.
When using the Red Hat compatible kernel, Oracle Linux 5 is also fully kABI compatible
with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
This article describes the key points that ISVs should consider when installing and
certifying their products on Oracle Linux 5.
1
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Comparing Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
(RHEL) 5
Applications that run on RHEL will run on Oracle Linux. Trademarks and logos have been
removed from a small number of the packages. These are non-functional text or graphics
changes that in no way affect any program code, and they do not generate any compatibility
issues. Oracle has added its own text file, /etc/enterprise-release, so support teams
can easily identify that they obtained the code from Oracle.
The Edison Group ran independent tests to validate Oracle’s claim of compatibility: Read their
report, Oracle Unbreakable Linux: True Enterprise-Quality Linux Support (see page 15).
Oracle’s simple text changes that an installer program might encounter are listed in the following
sections.
Checking the /etc/redhat-release File
RHEL provides a text file called /etc/redhat-release, which contains a one-line string
identifying the specific distribution release. This file is part of the redhat-release package.
Oracle Linux 5 also contains a text file called /etc/redhat-release, which is installed by
a package called enterprise-release.
The following tables show the data that is present on the initial release of media for each of the
releases of Oracle Linux. As of Oracle Linux 5.3, Oracle retains the Red Hat content within the
file. Also shown is the file /etc/enterprise-release, which contains Oracle content.
2
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
RHEL 5 ORACLE LINUX 5
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.0.0.9 enterprise-release-5-0.0.4
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server
5 (Tikanga) release 5 (Carthage)
RHEL 5 UPDATE 1 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 1
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.1.0.2 enterprise-release-5-0.0.7
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server
5.1 (Tikanga) release 5.1
RHEL 5 UPDATE 2 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 2
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.1.0.4 enterprise-release-5-0.0.9
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server
5.2 (Tikanga) release 5.2
RHEL 5 UPDATE 3 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 3
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.3.0.3 enterprise-release-5-0.0.17
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release
5.3 (Tikanga) 5.3
(Carthage)
(Carthage)
(Tikanga)
3
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
RHEL 5 UPDATE 4 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 4
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.4.0.3 enterprise-release-5-0.0.20
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release
5.4 (Tikanga) 5.4
RHEL 5 UPDATE 5 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 5
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.5.0.2 enterprise-release-5-0.0.22
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release
5.5 (Tikanga) 5.5
RHEL 5 UPDATE 6 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 6
# rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release # rpm –qf /etc/redhat-release
redhat-release-5Server-5.6.0.3 enterprise-release-5-6.0.2
# cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release
5.6 (Tikanga) 5.6 (Tikanga)
(Tikanga)
(Tikanga)
4
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Checking for the redhat-release Package
Oracle Linux 5 does not include the redhat-release package. Oracle Linux 5 includes the
enterprise-release package, which provides a set of files equivalent to those in the
redhat-release package on RHEL.
RHEL 5 ORACLE LINUX 5
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.0.0.9
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.4
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.4
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.4
RHEL 5 UPDATE 1 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 1
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.1.0.2
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.7
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.7
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.7
5
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
RHEL 5 UPDATE 2 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 2
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.1.0.4
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.9
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.9
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.9
RHEL 5 UPDATE 3 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 3
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.3.0.3
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.17
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.17
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.17
RHEL 5 UPDATE 4 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 4
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.4.0.3
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.20
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.20
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.20
6
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
RHEL 5 UPDATE 5 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 5
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.5.0.2
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-0.0.22
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-0.0.22
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-0.0.22
RHEL 5 UPDATE 6 ORACLE LINUX 5 UPDATE 6
# # rpm –qa|grep redhat-release-5
rpm -qa|grep redhat-release-5
redhat-release-5Server-5.6.0.3
#
# rpm -qa|grep enterprise-release
enterprise-release-5-6.0.2
# rpm -q --provides enterprise-release
config(enterprise-release) = 6:5-6.0.2
enterprise-release
redhat-release
enterprise-release = 6:5-6.0.2
Checking the Version of the Distribution
An application may check for the version of the distribution. In this case, RHEL 5 returns
5Server, whereas Oracle Linux 5 returns 5.
RHEL 5:
# rpm -q --qf "%{version}\n" -f /etc/redhat-release
5Server
Oracle Linux 5:
# rpm -q --qf "%{version}\n" -f /etc/redhat-release
5
7
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Applications using the %{version} rpm check simply need to check for 5, not 5Server.
The preceding items are the only major differences between RHEL 5 and Oracle Linux 5 that
might impact installation and certification. If your application installer depends on any of the
checks described above, you now have all the information needed to make the minimal changes
required to transparently run on both Oracle Linux 5 and RHEL 5.
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel
In September of 2010, Oracle introduced the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux.
You can read more about Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel here. Beginning with Oracle Linux 5.5,
customers have a choice when it comes to the kernel: strict compatibility with the Red Hat kernel
or a kernel optimized and recommended by Oracle for stability and performance.
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, Compatibility, and Third-Party Software
One of the main advantages of Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is that it runs directly on Oracle
Linux 5. This means that you can benefit from significant performance improvements and new
features without the need to re-install the entire operating system. Because the operating system
itself is not replaced, third-party applications will run unchanged.
The Linux operating system is a modular system in which the kernel interacts with the hardware
and controls and schedules access to resources on behalf of applications. Applications run in
what’s called user space and call only a stable set of system libraries to ask for kernel services.
Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of the Linux operating system. Installing Unbreakable Enterprise
Kernel changes only the box labeled “Kernel.”
8
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Figure 1. Linux Operating System
As you can see, installing a kernel does not change system libraries such as glibc, the interface
that nearly all applications, including Oracle Database, use. The glibc version is 2.5 before and
after you install Unbreakable Enterprise kernel on Oracle Linux 5.5.
The sysctl infrastructure to control kernel settings is also unchanged when you install
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel.
In contrast, device drivers and other kernel modules are tightly coupled with the kernel and will
usually need to be recompiled when a new kernel is introduced.
9
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
For ISVs That Also Check the Linux Kernel Version
As of Oracle Linux 5 Update 5, there are three kernels options:
• Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (2.6.32-x.y.z or newer)
• Red Hat compatible kernel (2.6.18-x.y.z.el5)
• Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle bug fixes (2.6.18-x.y.z.n.m.el5)
As of Oracle Linux 5 Update 6, Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is installed and booted by
default. The Red Hat compatible kernel is also installed, and you may configure the operating
system to boot with this kernel instead. The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is provided by the
kernel-uek package, whereas the Red Hat compatible kernel is provided by the kernel
package.
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep kernel
kernel-uek-firmware-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
kernel-uek-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
kernel-2.6.18-238.el5
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is available only on the x86-64 platform. To determine whether
Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is installed and running, look for a kernel release version of
2.6.32-100 or newer using the uname -r command:
# uname -r
2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
Also, make sure that the kernel package installed is called kernel-uek.
# rpm -qa | grep kernel-uek
kernel-uek-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
kernel-uek-firmware-2.6.32-100.26.2.el5
For Oracle Linux 5 through Update 5, the default installed kernel is the Red Hat compatible
kernel, kernel-2.6.18-x.y.z.el5. When custom kernels are built for resolving
customer issues, any other sort of numbering might be used and should not necessarily be relied
upon. However, a standard RHN release kernel follows the format above.
The Oracle Linux 5 Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle bug fixes keeps the exact same
kernel versions and adds more digits at the end to identify potential fixes incorporated. As
always, these fixes are applied only if they are critical fixes not yet applied by Red Hat, and Oracle
considers the fixes to be important for customer scenarios. Oracle always provides all fixes to
Red Hat and the community in the hope that they will be incorporated in a future release. Oracle
does not have more than a few patches applied at any given time.
10
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
For applications that ship binary kernel modules or check a specific kernel release, uname -r
or rpm -q kernel returns additional digits in the kernel version (as shown in the following
tables) only if the Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle patches is installed. In this case, Oracle
appends additional digits to the end of the release number.
Patch files for Oracle-provided fixes are available at
http://oss.oracle.com/el5/oracle-provided-patches/.
The following table shows the expected output from uname -r on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5 and Oracle Linux 5 running the Red Hat compatible kernel with Oracle bug fixes.
MINOR RELEASE RHEL 5 KERNEL ORACLE LINUX 5 — RED HAT COMPATIBLE KERNEL WITH ORACLE BUG FIXES
Update 1 2.6.18-53.el5 2.6.18-53.0.0.0.1.el5
Update 2 2.6.18-92.el5 2.6.18-92.0.0.0.1.el5
Update 3 2.6.18-128.el5 2.6.18-128.0.0.0.1.el5
Update 4 2.6.18-164.el5 2.6.18-164.0.0.0.1.el5
Update 5 2.6.18-194.el5 2.6.18-194.0.0.0.3.el5
Update 6 2.6.18-238.el5 kernel-2.6.18-238.0.0.0.1.el5
Full, Verified kABI Compliance
Oracle Linux 5 with a Red Hat compatible kernel is fully kABI compatible with RHEL 5. Scripts
are run to double-check whether any patches that were to be applied would have a chance of
breaking kABI.
Any comparison between any kernel of Oracle Linux 5 and RHEL 5 shows absolutely no
difference in kABI. Kernel modules built for any RHEL 5 kernel (since the original release) will
also load on any Red Hat compatible kernel released for Oracle Linux 5.
Compatibility
The preceding information compares Oracle Linux 5 and RHEL 5 and highlights areas of
importance to application vendors from a testing and certification point of view. If your
application relies on any of the examples above, you now have all the information needed about
any changes that are required to run your application on Oracle Linux.
If your application does not rely on any of the examples above, it will run transparently, and
Oracle is confident that re-certification is not necessary.
11
Oracle Technical Article—Certification with Oracle Linux 5
Downloading Source Code and Binaries
Oracle Linux source code is available for free for download at http://oss.oracle.com/el5/. The
binaries are freely downloadable at http://edelivery.oracle.com/linux. Oracle Linux 5 allows for
free re-distribution of both source and binaries.
Conclusion
Oracle Linux is fully compatible—both source and binary—with with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
This article described key points that ISVs should consider when installing and certifying their
products on Oracle Linux 5.
For More Information
Here are additional resources.
• Visit the Oracle Unbreakable Linux Knowledge Zone on the Oracle PartnerNetwork to learn
how to accelerate market opportunity and lower the cost of providing Linux solutions and
support to users.
• For more information about becoming an Oracle partner, visit the Oracle PartnerNetwork.
• For information on the Oracle Unbreakable Linux support program, visit oracle.com/linux.
2 Temmuz 2011 Cumartesi
Hangi dosya hizmetini veya sistemini kullanmalıyım?
Son bir yıl içinde gördüm ki, dosya hizmet sunucusu olarak nfsv4 en iyisi.
şu anda nfsv4 en iyi performansıda solaris 11 express üzerinde gösteriyor.
1 GBitlik ethernette ~100Mbyte/s trafiği solaris 11 express dışındaki işletim sistemlerinde
(standart kurulumla, linux, freebsd, windows, windows7) elde edemedim.
Solarisi yazıp geliştirenleri tebrik etmek lazım, ağ hizmetlerini oldukça iyi geliştirmişler.
Özet olarak linux çok sevsemde, ağ dosya sunucusu olarak solaris 11 express + zfs kullanıyorum.
Dosya sistemini web üzerinden yönetim içinde napp-it(http://www.napp-it.org/index_en.html) kullanmaya başladım.
Öyle şaşalı özellikleri yok, fakat komut satırınada ihtiyaç duymuyorum.
Arşivleme için en iyi yöntemde yine solaris 11 express üzerinde zfs(dedup ve compression özelliği ile birlekte) kullanmak. Fakat burada gözümüzden kaçırmamamız gereken nokta, en az 4GB ram ve 4 çekirdekli, 2.5Ghz üzerinde bir cpu kullanmak gerekeceği. Aksi durumda yedekleme işlemleri tahmin ettiğinizden çok çok uzun sürer. Kişisel amaçlar için benim gibi intel atom(330) veya benzeri bir işlemci ve 2 GB ramınız varsa dedup ve compression özelliğini kapatmanızı şiddetle tavsiye ederim. Bu iki özellik kapalı oldumu performans tahmin edebileceğinizden çok çok iyi olur.
Linux üzerindeki en hızlı dosya sistemi ise btrfs.
Çok güzel özellikleri(şıkıştırma, ssd diskleri otomatik tanıması vs. gibi) var.
Bundan dolayı arasıra olabilecek sıkıntılara razıyım, en hızlı dosya sistemini kullanayım diyenler için.
Ara sıra çatlamalarından dolayı, btrfs den ext4 geri döndüm.
Linuxte hızlı dosya işlemleri yapmak istiyorsanız,
softraid, lvm kullanmadan direk ext4 kullanmak en güzeli.
yedeklilik ve büyük hacimli (tek diske sığmayacak kadar) alana ihtiyaç duyuyorsak, softraid işimizi görür.
linux üzerinde cluster kullanacaksakta yine nfs hala en iyi yol(bana göre).
Bazılarına göre ocfs güzel vs. olsada zaman zaman(Özellikle yoğun i/o) aşırı cpu kullanımı ve cuvallamalar gördüm...
Son söz olarak neye ihtiyacımız varsa ona göre işletim sistemi ve dosya sistemi seçmek en iyi yol görünüyor.
şu anda nfsv4 en iyi performansıda solaris 11 express üzerinde gösteriyor.
1 GBitlik ethernette ~100Mbyte/s trafiği solaris 11 express dışındaki işletim sistemlerinde
(standart kurulumla, linux, freebsd, windows, windows7) elde edemedim.
Solarisi yazıp geliştirenleri tebrik etmek lazım, ağ hizmetlerini oldukça iyi geliştirmişler.
Özet olarak linux çok sevsemde, ağ dosya sunucusu olarak solaris 11 express + zfs kullanıyorum.
Dosya sistemini web üzerinden yönetim içinde napp-it(http://www.napp-it.org/index_en.html) kullanmaya başladım.
Öyle şaşalı özellikleri yok, fakat komut satırınada ihtiyaç duymuyorum.
Arşivleme için en iyi yöntemde yine solaris 11 express üzerinde zfs(dedup ve compression özelliği ile birlekte) kullanmak. Fakat burada gözümüzden kaçırmamamız gereken nokta, en az 4GB ram ve 4 çekirdekli, 2.5Ghz üzerinde bir cpu kullanmak gerekeceği. Aksi durumda yedekleme işlemleri tahmin ettiğinizden çok çok uzun sürer. Kişisel amaçlar için benim gibi intel atom(330) veya benzeri bir işlemci ve 2 GB ramınız varsa dedup ve compression özelliğini kapatmanızı şiddetle tavsiye ederim. Bu iki özellik kapalı oldumu performans tahmin edebileceğinizden çok çok iyi olur.
Linux üzerindeki en hızlı dosya sistemi ise btrfs.
Çok güzel özellikleri(şıkıştırma, ssd diskleri otomatik tanıması vs. gibi) var.
Bundan dolayı arasıra olabilecek sıkıntılara razıyım, en hızlı dosya sistemini kullanayım diyenler için.
Ara sıra çatlamalarından dolayı, btrfs den ext4 geri döndüm.
Linuxte hızlı dosya işlemleri yapmak istiyorsanız,
softraid, lvm kullanmadan direk ext4 kullanmak en güzeli.
yedeklilik ve büyük hacimli (tek diske sığmayacak kadar) alana ihtiyaç duyuyorsak, softraid işimizi görür.
linux üzerinde cluster kullanacaksakta yine nfs hala en iyi yol(bana göre).
Bazılarına göre ocfs güzel vs. olsada zaman zaman(Özellikle yoğun i/o) aşırı cpu kullanımı ve cuvallamalar gördüm...
Son söz olarak neye ihtiyacımız varsa ona göre işletim sistemi ve dosya sistemi seçmek en iyi yol görünüyor.
zfs dedup faydası
Yedekleme yaptığım bir sistemdeki durum;
[root@dea ~]# zpool list
NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT
ambar 928G 501G 427G 53% 5.43x ONLINE -
arsiv 1.81T 897G 959G 48% 3.02x ONLINE -
root@dea ~]# zdb -D arsiv
DDT-sha256-zap-duplicate: 3631357 entries, size 392 on disk, 204 in core
DDT-sha256-zap-unique: 1262549 entries, size 507 on disk, 404 in core
dedup = 3.02, compress = 1.60, copies = 1.25, dedup * compress / copies = 3.86
[root@dea ~]# zdb -D ambar
DDT-sha256-zap-duplicate: 2663625 entries, size 305 on disk, 176 in core
DDT-sha256-zap-unique: 1579609 entries, size 408 on disk, 321 in core
dedup = 5.44, compress = 1.00, copies = 1.00, dedup * compress / copies = 5.44
Şayet bu yedeklemeleri, normal bir ext4 veya ufs dizinine kopyalayacak olsaydım,
şu an kullandığım sistemin depolama hacmi yetmeyecek, fazladan en az 4 adet 1 TB lik veya
2*2 TB lik diske ihtiyacım olacaktı....
[root@dea ~]# zpool list
NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT
ambar 928G 501G 427G 53% 5.43x ONLINE -
arsiv 1.81T 897G 959G 48% 3.02x ONLINE -
root@dea ~]# zdb -D arsiv
DDT-sha256-zap-duplicate: 3631357 entries, size 392 on disk, 204 in core
DDT-sha256-zap-unique: 1262549 entries, size 507 on disk, 404 in core
dedup = 3.02, compress = 1.60, copies = 1.25, dedup * compress / copies = 3.86
[root@dea ~]# zdb -D ambar
DDT-sha256-zap-duplicate: 2663625 entries, size 305 on disk, 176 in core
DDT-sha256-zap-unique: 1579609 entries, size 408 on disk, 321 in core
dedup = 5.44, compress = 1.00, copies = 1.00, dedup * compress / copies = 5.44
Şayet bu yedeklemeleri, normal bir ext4 veya ufs dizinine kopyalayacak olsaydım,
şu an kullandığım sistemin depolama hacmi yetmeyecek, fazladan en az 4 adet 1 TB lik veya
2*2 TB lik diske ihtiyacım olacaktı....
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