selinux - nginx

sudo cat /var/log/audit/audit.log | grep nginx | grep denied | sudo audit2allow -M nginx


cat nginx.te

module nginx 1.0;

require {
    type unlabeled_t;
    type httpd_t;
    class dir read;
    class file { getattr read };
}

#============= httpd_t ==============

#!!!! This avc is allowed in the current policy
allow httpd_t unlabeled_t:dir read;
allow httpd_t unlabeled_t:file read;

#!!!! This avc is allowed in the current policy
allow httpd_t unlabeled_t:file getattr;



semodule -i nginx.pp

systemctl restart nginx

ssh kullanıcı ayarlarım

linux sistemimdeki .ssh/config dosyasının temel satırları



Host *
ControlMaster                        auto
ControlPath                             ~/.ssh/sockets/%r@%h-%p
ControlPersist                        600
StrictHostKeyChecking         no


host  mynode
        hostname                          mynode.akyuz.tech
        user                                   root
        ForwardAgent                  yes
        ForwardX11                     yes
        TCPKeepAlive                  yes
        ConnectTimeout              15
        ConnectionAttempts        2
        Port                                  22
        DynamicForward            8989
        LocalForward                 127.0.0.1:5901 127.0.0.1:5901

RedHat reposunu yedeklemek

Bu gün boş boş otururken, redhat reposunu yedekleyen bir script hazırlayayım dedim.  rhel reposunu yansilamak isteyenler, kendilerine uygun değişikliği yaparak kullanabilirler.

Tüm repoları indirebilmek için, rhn den repoları aktifleştirmek gerektiğinide unutmamak lazım. :)

Eyu eğlenceler.




################################################
#!/bin/bash
# Bu script Remzi AKYUZ tarafindan, redhat paketlerini yerelden kullanmak icin hazirlanmistir.
# Her hangi bir sorunuz olursa, lutfen sorunuz.
# eposta: remziakyuz@gmail.com
#set -x
# time reposync --gpgcheck -l --repoid=

repolar=( 'jbappplatform-4.3.0-fp-x86_64-server-5-rpm' 'jbappplatform-4.3.0-x86_64-server-5-rpm' 'jbappplatform-6.4-x86_64-server-5-rpm' \
          'jb-ewp-5-x86_64-server-5-rpm' 'jb-ews-2-x86_64-server-5-rpm' 'jb-wfk-1-x86_64-server-5-rpm' \
          'rhel-x86_64-rhev-agent-5-server' 'rhel-x86_64-server-5' \
          'rhel-x86_64-server-5-mrg-management-2' 'rhel-x86_64-server-5-mrg-messaging-2' 'rhel-x86_64-server-5-thirdparty-oracle-java' \
          'rhel-x86_64-server-cluster-5' 'rhel-x86_64-server-cluster-storage-5' 'rhel-x86_64-server-dts2-5-beta' 'rhel-x86_64-server-fastrack-5' \
          'rhel-x86_64-server-productivity-5' 'rhel-x86_64-server-rhsclient-5' 'rhel-x86_64-server-scalefs-5' 'rhel-x86_64-server-supplementary-5' \
          'rhel-x86_64-server-vt-5' 'rhn-tools-rhel-x86_64-server-5' )

count=0

cd /arsiv/redhat-repo/rhel-5
while [ "${repolar[$count]}" != "" ]
do

reponame="${repolar[$count]}"



if [ -x $reponame ]; then
                          echo repo olusturulmus
                          echo repolar guncellestirilecek
                          sleep 3
                          time reposync --gpgcheck -l --repoid=$reponame --download_path=$reponame
                     else
                          echo repo olusturuluyor $reponame
                          mkdir $reponame
                          createrepo $reponame
fi                       
                 
let "count = $count + 1"

done


exit 0
################################################

Dosya kontrolü

Bir Dosyaya ne zaman erişilmiş, ne zaman değiştirilim gibi bilgileri stat komutu ile öğrenebiliriz.

Linux sistemlerde multipath kullanımı - multipathd

Multipath hakkında bilmemiz gereken en önemli bir nokta ise ALUA kullanımıdır.

Günümüz disk üniteleri %99.9 ALUA yı destekler ve kullanır.

Disk kontrol üniteleri, ALUA aracılığı ile bağlantılarının nasıl kullanılacağı, önceliğinin ne olacağı bilgileri diski kullanan tarafa (linux sunuculardaki multipathd) bildirir. Multipath aldığı bu bilgiler ile disk kullanım şeklini oluşturarak, diski hizmete verir.

 Bu ufak bilgiden sonra genel rhel tabanlı sistemlere multipath  kullanımı hakkında faydalı bilgileri paylaşalım.

 
 

 1. Multipath paketi yüklü olup olmadığı kontrol edilerek, yüklü değilse yüklenir.

    rpm -q device-mapper-multipath

    rpm -q device-mapper
   
    yum install device-mapper

    yum install device-mapper-multipath


    yum install device-mapper-multipath

    mpathconf --enable-with_multipathd y --with_chkconfig y

    mpathconf


 2. Temel config dosyası hazırlanır;
   
   cp /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9/multipath.conf.defaults /etc/multipath.conf


 3.  wwid leri multipath.conf dosyasına ilave edilirek, alias tanımlaması yapılır.
   
    Bunları /etc/multipath dizini altındaki dosyalardan alabileceğimiz gibi
 
    # scsi_id -g -u /dev/sdb

    komutuylada alabiliriz. (/dev/sdb değişebileceğini unutmalayım!)

 En basit multipath.conf dosyasına örnek;

    defaults {
                   user_friendly_names yes
                }

    blacklist {

            devnode "^asm/*"

            devnode "ofsctl"

            devnode "xvd*"

           wwid SATA_SEAGATE_ST950019XF0F2TK_

          wwid SATA_SEAGATE_ST950019XF0F37S_


          wwid "*"

     }


    blacklist_exceptions {

             wwid "36001438009b044d90000900000780000"

     }

    multipaths {

            multipath {

                    wwid                    "36001438009b044d90000900000780000"

                    alias                   asm1

          }

    }


 4. Multipath servisi başlatılır.

 service multipathd start

 chkconfig multipathd on

 5. "multipath -ll" , fdisk, dmesg komutlarıyla kontrol yapılır.

 

Multipath kullanımında en önemli sorunlardan bir tanesi multipathın aygıtının storage nasıl eriştiğidir.

Bunun için multipathd den faydalanıyoruz. multipath kullanım topolojisini öğrenmek için; 

[root@rac01 ~]# multipathd show topology
data05 (3600507640082018548000000000000ee) dm-2 IBM     ,2145
size=20G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
|-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=50 status=active
| |- 7:0:1:11  sdaa               65:160    active ready running
| `- 16:0:1:11 sdbc               67:96     active ready running
`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=10 status=enabled
  |- 7:0:0:11  sdm                8:192     active ready running
  `- 16:0:0:11 sdao               66:128    active ready running
data06 (3600507640082018548000000000000ef) dm-3 IBM     ,2145
size=20G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
|-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=50 status=active
| |- 7:0:0:12  sdn                8:208     active ready running
| `- 16:0:0:12 sdap               66:144    active ready running
`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=10 status=enabled
  |- 7:0:1:12  sdab               65:176    active ready running
  `- 16:0:1:12 sdbd               67:112    active ready running

multipath aygıtının yol haritasını öğrenmek için "multipathd show map multipath-name json" komutunu kullanabiliriz; data01 isimli multipath aygıtının aşağıdaki şekilde disk ünitesine erişmektedir.

[root@rac01 ~]# multipathd show map data01 json
{
   "major_version": 0,
   "minor_version": 1,
   "map":{
      "name" : "data01",
      "uuid" : "3600507640082018548000000000000ec",
      "sysfs" : "dm-7",
      "failback" : "immediate",
      "queueing" : "5 chk",
      "paths" : 4,
      "write_prot" : "rw",
      "dm_st" : "active",
      "features" : "1 queue_if_no_path",
      "hwhandler" : "0",
      "action" : "",
      "path_faults" : 0,
      "vend" : "IBM     ",
      "prod" : "2145            ",
      "rev" : "0000",
      "switch_grp" : 0,
      "map_loads" : 2,
      "total_q_time" : 0,
      "q_timeouts" : 0,
      "path_groups": [{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 50,
         "dm_st" : "active",
         "group" : 1,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdy",
            "dev_t" : "65:128",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdba",
            "dev_t" : "67:64",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      },{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 10,
         "dm_st" : "enabled",
         "group" : 2,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdk",
            "dev_t" : "8:160",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdam",
            "dev_t" : "66:96",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      }]
   }
}
[root@rac01 ~]#

Tüm multipath lerin haritasını ise '  multipathd show maps json ' komutuyla çıkartabiliriz.

[root@rac01 ~]#
[root@rac01 ~]#
[root@rac01 ~]#
[root@rac01 ~]# multipathd show maps json
{
   "major_version": 0,
   "minor_version": 1,
   "maps": [{
      "name" : "data05",
      "uuid" : "3600507640082018548000000000000ee",
      "sysfs" : "dm-2",
      "failback" : "immediate",
      "queueing" : "5 chk",
      "paths" : 4,
      "write_prot" : "rw",
      "dm_st" : "active",
      "features" : "1 queue_if_no_path",
      "hwhandler" : "0",
      "action" : "",
      "path_faults" : 0,
      "vend" : "IBM     ",
      "prod" : "2145            ",
      "rev" : "0000",
      "switch_grp" : 0,
      "map_loads" : 2,
      "total_q_time" : 0,
      "q_timeouts" : 0,
      "path_groups": [{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 50,
         "dm_st" : "active",
         "group" : 1,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdaa",
            "dev_t" : "65:160",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdbc",
            "dev_t" : "67:96",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      },{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 10,
         "dm_st" : "enabled",
         "group" : 2,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdm",
            "dev_t" : "8:192",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdao",
            "dev_t" : "66:128",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      }]
   },{
      "name" : "data06",
      "uuid" : "3600507640082018548000000000000ef",
      "sysfs" : "dm-3",
      "failback" : "immediate",
      "queueing" : "5 chk",
      "paths" : 4,
      "write_prot" : "rw",
      "dm_st" : "active",
      "features" : "1 queue_if_no_path",
      "hwhandler" : "0",
      "action" : "",
      "path_faults" : 0,
      "vend" : "IBM     ",
      "prod" : "2145            ",
      "rev" : "0000",
      "switch_grp" : 0,
      "map_loads" : 2,
      "total_q_time" : 0,
      "q_timeouts" : 0,
      "path_groups": [{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 50,
         "dm_st" : "active",
         "group" : 1,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdn",
            "dev_t" : "8:208",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdap",
            "dev_t" : "66:144",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      },{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 10,
         "dm_st" : "enabled",
         "group" : 2,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdab",
            "dev_t" : "65:176",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdbd",
            "dev_t" : "67:112",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      }]
   },{
      "name" : "data03",
      "uuid" : "3600507640082018548000000000000f0",
      "sysfs" : "dm-4",
      "failback" : "immediate",
      "queueing" : "5 chk",
      "paths" : 4,
      "write_prot" : "rw",
      "dm_st" : "active",
      "features" : "1 queue_if_no_path",
      "hwhandler" : "0",
      "action" : "",
      "path_faults" : 0,
      "vend" : "IBM     ",
      "prod" : "2145            ",
      "rev" : "0000",
      "switch_grp" : 0,
      "map_loads" : 2,
      "total_q_time" : 0,
      "q_timeouts" : 0,
      "path_groups": [{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 50,
         "dm_st" : "active",
         "group" : 1,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdac",
            "dev_t" : "65:192",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdbe",
            "dev_t" : "67:128",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      },{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 10,
         "dm_st" : "enabled",
         "group" : 2,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdo",
            "dev_t" : "8:224",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdaq",
            "dev_t" : "66:160",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      }]
   },{
      "name" : "data02",
      "uuid" : "3600507640082018548000000000000ed",
      "sysfs" : "dm-5",
      "failback" : "immediate",
      "queueing" : "5 chk",
      "paths" : 4,
      "write_prot" : "rw",
      "dm_st" : "active",
      "features" : "1 queue_if_no_path",
      "hwhandler" : "0",
      "action" : "",
      "path_faults" : 0,
      "vend" : "IBM     ",
      "prod" : "2145            ",
      "rev" : "0000",
      "switch_grp" : 0,
      "map_loads" : 2,
      "total_q_time" : 0,
      "q_timeouts" : 0,
      "path_groups": [{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 50,
         "dm_st" : "active",
         "group" : 1,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdl",
            "dev_t" : "8:176",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdan",
            "dev_t" : "66:112",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      },{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 10,
         "dm_st" : "enabled",
         "group" : 2,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdz",
            "dev_t" : "65:144",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdbb",
            "dev_t" : "67:80",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      }]
   },{
      "name" : "data04",
      "uuid" : "3600507640082018548000000000000eb",
      "sysfs" : "dm-6",
      "failback" : "immediate",
      "queueing" : "5 chk",
      "paths" : 4,
      "write_prot" : "rw",
      "dm_st" : "active",
      "features" : "1 queue_if_no_path",
      "hwhandler" : "0",
      "action" : "",
      "path_faults" : 0,
      "vend" : "IBM     ",
      "prod" : "2145            ",
      "rev" : "0000",
      "switch_grp" : 0,
      "map_loads" : 2,
      "total_q_time" : 0,
      "q_timeouts" : 0,
      "path_groups": [{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 50,
         "dm_st" : "active",
         "group" : 1,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdj",
            "dev_t" : "8:144",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdal",
            "dev_t" : "66:80",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      },{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 10,
         "dm_st" : "enabled",
         "group" : 2,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdx",
            "dev_t" : "65:112",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdaz",
            "dev_t" : "67:48",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      }]
   },{
      "name" : "data01",
      "uuid" : "3600507640082018548000000000000ec",
      "sysfs" : "dm-7",
      "failback" : "immediate",
      "queueing" : "5 chk",
      "paths" : 4,
      "write_prot" : "rw",
      "dm_st" : "active",
      "features" : "1 queue_if_no_path",
      "hwhandler" : "0",
      "action" : "",
      "path_faults" : 0,
      "vend" : "IBM     ",
      "prod" : "2145            ",
      "rev" : "0000",
      "switch_grp" : 0,
      "map_loads" : 2,
      "total_q_time" : 0,
      "q_timeouts" : 0,
      "path_groups": [{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 50,
         "dm_st" : "active",
         "group" : 1,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdy",
            "dev_t" : "65:128",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdba",
            "dev_t" : "67:64",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 50,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a1",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a1",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      },{
         "selector" : "round-robin 0",
         "pri" : 10,
         "dm_st" : "enabled",
         "group" : 2,
         "paths": [{
            "dev" : "sdk",
            "dev_t" : "8:160",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3da26f",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:07:00.0"
         },{
            "dev" : "sdam",
            "dev_t" : "66:96",
            "dm_st" : "active",
            "dev_st" : "running",
            "chk_st" : "ready",
            "checker" : "tur",
            "pri" : 10,
            "host_wwnn" : "0x200034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwnn" : "0x500507680b0080a0",
            "host_wwpn" : "0x210034800d3d9abc",
            "target_wwpn" : "0x500507680b2180a0",
            "host_adapter" : "0000:5a:00.0"
         }]
      }]
   }]
}
[root@rac01 ~]#

multipathd  kullanımına bir başka örnek;

# multipathd show maps format "%n %d %s %N %Q %x %r %0 %1 %2 %s %A"

Bir başka önemli noktalardan bir taneside multipath aygıtının major ve minor id nolarıdır.

Öğrenmek için dmsetup komutundan faydalanabiliriz.

[root@rac01 ~]#   dmsetup  ls --target multipath
data01  (252, 7)
data06  (252, 3)
data05  (252, 2)
data04  (252, 6)
data03  (252, 4)
data02  (252, 5)
[root@rac01 ~]#

dmsetup komutunun bir başka faydalı çıktısı ise dmsetup tablo yapısıdır.

[root@rac01 ~]#  dmsetup table --tree
ol-var_log: 0 20971520 linear 8:3 668846080
23f4331e--f90d--4c51--92d9--5a69a3acca65-xleases: 0 2097152 linear 67:32 5507072
data01: 0 41943040 multipath 1 queue_if_no_path 0 2 1 round-robin 0 2 1 65:128 1 67:64 1 round-robin 0 2 1 8:160 1 66:96 1
23f4331e--f90d--4c51--92d9--5a69a3acca65-719ca94a--7f83--4a79--ab88--855f7896f9e6: 0 262144 linear 67:32 9701376
84b6a05f--6d12--48c9--bc82--bec55af1fa6a-218943c2--6f53--4f79--932e--2f46cb85e281: 0 524288000 linear 65:0 832047104
...

...

data05: 0 41943040 multipath 1 queue_if_no_path 0 2 1 round-robin 0 2 1 65:160 1 67:96 1 round-robin 0 2 1 8:192 1 66:128 1
84b6a05f--6d12--48c9--bc82--bec55af1fa6a-5562e8c3--3941--492d--8d44--adb011b959c5: 0 2097152 linear 65:0 1661470720
[root@rac01 ~]#  

 

dmestup info multipath-name ile multipath aygıtının durumunuda öğrenebiliriz. 

[root@rac01 ~]#  dmsetup info data04
Name:              data04
State:             ACTIVE
Read Ahead:        8192
Tables present:    LIVE
Open count:        1
Event number:      0
Major, minor:      252, 6
Number of targets: 1
UUID: mpath-3600507640082018548000000000000eb

[root@rac01 ~]#

[root@rac01 ~]#  dmsetup info data04p1
Name:              data04p1
State:             ACTIVE
Read Ahead:        8192
Tables present:    LIVE
Open count:        4
Event number:      0
Major, minor:      252, 12
Number of targets: 1
UUID: part1-mpath-3600507640082018548000000000000eb

[root@rac01 ~]#

multipath ayarları sonrasında multipath düzgün çalışıp çalışmadığını test etmek için fc kablolar  çekilebilir veya portlar geçici olarak iptal edilebilir.

Geçici devre dışı bırakmak için ;

echo "pci-device-id" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pci-driver-name/unbind

[root@rac01 ~]# lspci |grep -i fibre

08:00.0 Fibre Channel: QLogic Corp. ISP2722-based 16/32Gb Fibre Channel to PCIe Adapter (rev 01)

5b:00.0 Fibre Channel: QLogic Corp. ISP2722-based 16/32Gb Fibre Channel to PCIe Adapter (rev 01)

[root@rac01 ~]#

[root@rac01 ~]# ls   /sys/bus/pci/drivers/qla2xxx/

0000:08:00.0  0000:5b:00.0  bind  module  new_id  remove_id  uevent  unbind

[root@rac01 ~]#

data02 (3600507640082018548000000000000ed) dm-4 IBM     ,2145

size=20G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw

|-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=0 status=active

| |- 15:0:0:10 sdl                8:176     active undef running

| `- 16:0:0:10 sdan               66:112    active undef running

`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=0 status=enabled

  |- 15:0:1:10 sdz                65:144    active undef running

  `- 16:0:1:10 sdbb               67:80     active undef running

[root@rac01 ~]# ls  /sys/bus/pci/drivers/qla2xxx/

0000:08:00.0  0000:5b:00.0  bind  module  new_id  remove_id  uevent  unbind

[root@rac01 ~]# echo "0000:08:00.0" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/qla2xxx/unbind

[root@rac01 ~]#

data02 (3600507640082018548000000000000ed) dm-4 IBM     ,2145

size=20G features='1 queue_if_no_path' hwhandler='0' wp=rw

|-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=0 status=active

| `- 16:0:0:10 sdan               66:112    active undef running

`-+- policy='round-robin 0' prio=0 status=enabled

  `- 16:0:1:10 sdbb               67:80     active undef running

[root@rac01 ~]#

Disk hakkında bizlere faydalı bilgi sağlayan bir başka komut ise lsscsi komutudur. lsscsi komutunu detaylı incelemek faydalı olur.

Örnek kullanım;

[root@rac01 ~]# lsscsi -tigs
[0:0:1:0]    disk                                    /dev/sda   -  /dev/sg0    480GB
[0:1:6:0]    enclosu                                 -          -  /dev/sg1        -
[7:0:0:0]    disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a00x011600   /dev/sdb   -  /dev/sg2   1.09TB
[7:0:0:1]    disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a00x011600   /dev/sdc   -  /dev/sg3   1.09TB
[7:0:0:2]    disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a00x011600   /dev/sdd   -  /dev/sg4   2.19TB
[7:0:0:8]    disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a00x011600   /dev/sdj   3600507640082018548000000000000eb  /dev/sg10  21.4GB
[7:0:1:3]    disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a10x011700   /dev/sds   -  /dev/sg19  1.09TB
[7:0:1:8]    disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a10x011700   /dev/sdx   3600507640082018548000000000000eb  /dev/sg24  21.4GB
[7:0:1:12]   disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a10x011700   /dev/sdab  3600507640082018548000000000000ef  /dev/sg28  21.4GB
[7:0:1:13]   disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a10x011700   /dev/sdac  3600507640082018548000000000000f0  /dev/sg29  21.4GB
[16:0:0:5]   disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a00x011600   /dev/sdai  -  /dev/sg35   214GB
[16:0:0:6]   disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a00x011600   /dev/sdaj  -  /dev/sg36   536GB
[16:0:0:11]  disk    fc:0x500507680b2180a00x011600   /dev/sdao  3600507640082018548000000000000ee  /dev/sg41  21.4GB
3600507640082018548000000000000f0  /dev/sg57  21.4GB
[root@rac01 ~]# lsscsi -tigs

X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0

X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0
hatası alınıyorsa, sshd_config aşağıdaki satır ilave atılabilir.

 X11UseLocalhost no

AddressFamily inet
#X11UseLocalhost no




debug1: Remote: No xauth program; cannot forward with spoofing.
X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0

hatası alındığında  xauth yüklenmesi gerekir.
yum install xorg-x11-xauth






debug:

/usr/sbin/sshd -p 22 -D -d -e

Mutt ile ekli dosya gonderme ve from degistirme

terminalden veya cron ile mesaj göndermemiz gerekiyor ve bu mesajin from kismini degistirerek ilave dosya eklemek istiyorsak;

~/.muttrc dosyasina asagidaki gibi satirlar ilave edilir.
---------------------------------------------
set use_from
my_hdr From: destek@destek.com
---------------------------------------------

/usr/bin/mutt -s \"Mesaj konusu\" musteri@musteri.com -a ilave_edilecek _dosya.tgz  < mesaj_icerigi.txt